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oz of silver per oz of gold
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Hallmark & stamp reference by country
United States — gold
14K
58.5%. By far the most common US karat.
10K
41.7%. Legal minimum to be sold as gold in the US.
18K
75%. Higher-end and designer pieces.
Maker’s mark
US law pairs a karat stamp with a registered maker’s mark.
United States — silver
STERLING
Spelled out. Standard on US flatware and holloware.
925
Numeric equivalent, more common on modern pieces.
COIN
Roughly 900. Older American pieces, pre-1870s.
900
Pre-1965 US dimes, quarters, halves.
The US has no government assay office — stamps are self-applied by the maker. That makes US marks less reliable than UK or French hallmarks. Test anything substantial.
Single letter in a shield. Dates the piece precisely.
UK metal marks
Lion passant
Walking lion — English sterling .925.
Britannia
Seated figure — the higher .958 standard.
Lion rampant
Scottish sterling.
Crown
Older UK gold mark, used alongside fineness.
375 / 9ct
UK legal minimum. Not sellable as gold in the US.
Crowned harp
Dublin assay office (Ireland).
UK hallmarking is legally enforced by assay offices, which makes a complete British hallmark one of the most trustworthy marks you’ll encounter.
France
Eagle head
18K gold guarantee.
Minerva head
Silver guarantee, .950 or .800 by numeral.
Boar / crab
Older regional marks for smaller silver works.
Germany, Italy & Switzerland
800 / 835 / 900
German & Italian silver standards, below sterling.
Crescent & crown
German national mark, used from 1888.
Numbered oval
Italian province code plus maker number.
750 / 585
Decimal fineness — standard across Europe.
Helvetia head
Swiss guarantee mark.
Nordic & Eastern Europe
Three crowns
Sweden. Often with a date code.
830S
Common Scandinavian silver standard.
Kokoshnik
Russian woman’s head profile. Imperial era.
84 / 88 / 91
Russian zolotnik system — 84 ≈ .875 silver.
Continental silver is often below sterling — 800 and 835 are widespread. Always read the number rather than assuming .925.
India, Middle East & South Asia
22K / 916
The dominant standard. Deep yellow, soft.
21K / 875
Very common in Gulf states.
23K / 958
Seen in Middle Eastern and Thai pieces.
BIS mark
Indian hallmark: triangle, fineness, and a 6-digit code.
East Asia
999 / 9999
Chinese “chuk kam” pure gold. Sold by weight.
足金 / 千足金
Chinese characters for pure / ultra-pure gold.
925 + maker code
Thai and Chinese export silver.
K18 / K14
Japanese style — the K precedes the number.
High-karat gold (21K–24K) carries far more melt value per gram than 14K. Weigh and verify carefully — this is where the biggest sourcing wins and losses happen.
Mexico & Latin America
925 + TM-##
Modern Mexican registry code (Taxco makers).
Eagle mark
Mexican assay, roughly 1948–1980. Numbered.
SILVER MEXICO
Export mark. Verify fineness separately.
970 / 950
Higher-purity Mexican and Peruvian silver.
Canada & Australia
Karat + trademark
Canada requires a registered maker’s mark with fineness.
Maple / RCM
Royal Canadian Mint bullion.
Perth Mint swan
Australian bullion mark.
Named Mexican silver makers can carry collector value well above melt — check the maker before scrapping anything signed.
Plated — little to no melt value
GP / HGP
Gold plated. Microns over base metal.
GF · 1/20 12K GF
Gold filled. More gold than plate, still not solid.
GE / HGE
Gold electroplate. Very thin deposit.
RGP
Rolled gold plate.
EPNS / EP / A1
Electroplated nickel silver. No silver content.
German / nickel silver
Contains no silver despite the name.
Vermeil
Gold over sterling — value the silver, not the gold.
Alpaca / alpacca
Base metal alloy. Common in tourist pieces.
The core rule: a letter following the number usually means plated. 14K is solid; 14K GF, 14K GP and 14K HGE are not. When a mark is worn, ambiguous or missing, test before you pay.
Quick field checks
1Magnet. Gold and silver aren’t magnetic. A pull means steel or plated base — but clasps and springs can be steel on a genuine piece, so test the body.
2Wear points. Check edges, clasps and the back. Plating wears through to a different color at friction points.
3Ice test (silver). Silver conducts heat exceptionally well — ice melts noticeably fast on solid silver.
4Acid / scratch test. The reliable method for karat. Mildly destructive — test in a hidden spot.
5XRF. Non-destructive and accurate. Worth finding a dealer with one for anything high value.
6Specific gravity. Weigh dry, then submerged. Density exposes tungsten-cored and filled fakes that pass surface tests.
On bullion: counterfeit bars and coins carry convincing stamps. For anything substantial, specific gravity or ultrasound beats a visual read — a stamp is a claim, not proof.
Troy oz = 31.1035 g · dwt = 1.5552 g · live prices from gold-api.com
Estimates only. Dealer offers vary with premiums, spreads and refining fees. ← StemXPro